The group conducts commercial transactions and business activities in various overseas regions, and as a result, is exposed to risks associated with the manufacture and purchase of products, such as regulations imposed by foreign governments, political instability, and restrictions on funds transfers, as well as loss on investment or other impairment of asset value. The group employs trade insurance and takes other measures to mitigate risks associated with commercial transactions and investment in countries with high country risks. The group also sets upper limits for risk assets, which represent the maximum anticipated amount of loss, that the group holds in each country and ensures that risk is within the maximum defined limits in order to prevent excessive concentration of risk in specific regions or countries. Although the group hedges against and otherwise manages risk, it is difficult to completely avoid risk related to deteriorating environments in the countries of its business partners, or the countries where it conducts business activities. For this reason, delays in or impossibility of collecting receivables or conducting business resulting from such circumstances may adversely affect the operating results and financial condition of the group.

The group's main business line is the sale of automobile-related products and other types of products in domestic and overseas markets,with involvement in a wide range of businesses including manufacturing, processing and sales, business investments, and the provision of services relevant to these products. Therefore, the group is exposed to risks associated with political and economic conditions in Japan and other relevant countries. Weaker consumer spending and capital investment on the back of a global economic slowdown stemming from the situation in Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East, as well as the influence of the United States and China, may adversely affect the Group's operating results and financial condition.

The Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 and the extensive flooding in Thailand in October of that year had severe impacts on supply chains, and in response, we established the BCP Promotion Group within the General Affairs Department as a specialized organization in April 2012. Today, the Crisis Management & BCM Group of the Compliance & Crisis Management Department conducts business continuity management (BCM) including the formulation of contingency measures for both non-emergency and emergency times in the form of all-hazard business continuity plans (BCPs) for 210 businesses in Japan and overseas in accordance with the TTC Group Business Continuity Principles to respond to risks associated with natural disasters including earthquakes and typhoons, terrorism, pandemics, or any other scenario where employees are unable to report to work, entry into the Head Office is not possible, and IT or major assets cannot be used due to an extended power outage. In March and September of each year, we conduct situational drills(training where the scenario is not disclosed to the participants so that they can respond flexibly) based on a scenario in which the Nagoya or Tokyo Head Office is severely damaged by a large-scale earthquake, and continuously work to improve our initial disaster response manual and countermeasures. Despite these efforts, a natural disaster, such as an earthquake or flooding, may impede the group's business activities, and if additional countermeasure expenditures become necessary, there may be an adverse impact on the group's operating results and financial condition.

Sales to the Toyota Group account for 17.4% of revenue for the group. Therefore, trends in transactions with the Toyota Group may affect the operating results and financial condition of the group.

The Group secures business funding through various methods-such as acquiring loans from financial institutions and issuing commercial paper and corporate bonds-for such activities as extending credit for trade receivables and acquiring marketable securities and fixed assets. A portion of this debt though is subject to variable interest rates, and there is a risk that the interest burden may increase when interest rates rise. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of this corresponds to operating assets that are capable of absorbing the impact of fluctuating interest rates. The group also works to minimize risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates through Asset Liability Management (ALM). However, a certain portion of debt cannot be avoided, so future interest rate movements may affect the operating results and financial condition of the group.

The group holds securities traded in active markets to maintain and strengthen relationships with business partners, to grow business earnings, and to improve its corporate value. Share prices of securities traded in active markets are affected by price changes, and declines in share prices may adversely affect the operating results and financial condition of the group.

Commodities handled by the Group in its businesses, such as non-ferrous metals, rare earth resources, foods, and textiles, are vulnerable to uncertainties arising from price fluctuations. To address this, the Group sets position limits for each commodity and regularly monitors the status of operations within these limits. While the group takes various measures to reduce such price variation risks, it may not be possible to completely avoid them, so the state of commodity markets and market price movements may affect the operating results and financial condition of the group.

The group faces a degree of risk arising from the collection of loans and receivables associated with commercial transactions with its domestic and overseas business partners. To address these credit risks, the group sets bond limits and contract limits for each type of transaction, such as accounts receivables and advances, and uses a company-wide system to understand group credit risks. We also set ratings (eight levels) using our own standards based on the financial status of business partners and regularly confirm the status of business partners. In the case of business partners with low ratings, the group reviews the transaction conditions, determines the transaction policy, such as the protection of accounts receivables or withdrawal, carries out individually focused management, and endeavors to prevent losses. While the group manages credit in this way, it is difficult to entirely avoid the risk of deterioration of the financial condition of business partners or risks arising from the occurrence of unforeseen events, and the group's operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected if it becomes difficult to collect receivables due to bankruptcy of business partners or other circumstances.

As of March 31, 2024, the company had 780 consolidated subsidiaries and 242 affiliates subject to the equity method. The company seeks to expand and strengthen the functions of existing businesses or enter new business areas by reinforcing existing partnerships and forming new partnerships.
The Group's stance on investment is based not on the pursuit of short-term profit, but rather strategic investment that will lead to the development of business and the expansion and reinforcement of the Group's value chain over the medium to long term. To better focus management resources on businesses where the Company can demonstrate its unique strengths, sales division policies and the investment pipeline are discussed at the Mid-term Business Plan Meeting based on company-wide policies, and the strategic value and priority of investments exceeding a certain amount are discussed at the Investment Strategy Meeting to determine whether they should be pursued.
In the process of reviewing investment projects, the Administrative Unit verifies business plans based on a technical perspective and quantitative indicators (such as TVA^*1 and RVA^*2). Once risk assessments and risk mitigation measures are considered for each investment project, it is discussed by the Investment and Loan Meeting and the Investment and Loan Committee before a final decision is made by the organization concerned. In addition, to accelerate the investment decision-making process, the Group is proceeding to determine the authorized decision maker based on certain conditions and monetary significance, and to delegate decision-making authority to certain affiliated companies both in Japan and overseas. After investments are implemented, the Administrative Unit and the sales divisions concerned jointly and continuously monitor and support projects facing issues ("check and support"). The Group also monitors investments for signs of declining performance, progress in business plans, exit conditions, and other aspects, and it operates strict restructure and exit rules for projects that are not proceeding as planned.
Despite these efforts, if the value of an investment target company or the market value of the stock of such a company declines due to changes in the business environment, technological innovation, or other unforeseeable circumstances, the group may lose all or a substantial portion of the invested balance or the group may have no choice but to provide additional funding to such investment targets. In such cases, there could be adverse impacts on the group's operating results and financial condition.

Of the trading, investment, and other business activities conducted by the Group, transactions conducted in foreign currencies may be affected by changes in exchange rates. While the group uses foreign exchange forward contracts and other methods to hedge against and reduce these exchange rate risks, we may be unable to completely avoid them.
Many group companies are also located overseas, so exchange rate fluctuations when converting the financial statements of these companies into Japanese yen may affect the operating results and financial condition of the group.

The Group secures business funding through various methods, such as acquiring loans from financial institutions in Japan and overseas and issuing commercial paper and corporate bonds. As a result, turmoil in financial markets, significant downgrades to the group's credit rating by ratings organizations, changes in the lending policies of financial institutions, or other similar events may result in restrictions on funding for the Group, or in increased funding costs. Consequently, the group seeks to optimize funding according to its asset composition while reducing refinancing risks through diversification of the timing of repayment and redemption of long-term funds. We also use cash and deposits, commitment lines, and other means to ensure stable liquidity and strive to maintain good transactional relationships with financial institutions, but risks cannot be entirely avoided. If such risks were to arise, there may be adverse effects on the group's operating results and financial condition.

The group established group standard rules and guidelines on information security based on Toyota Group and Toyota Tsusho Group standards and makes responses visible, and continuously makes improvements throughout the group. With regard to IT infrastructure including networks and email security, the group takes measures in accordance with these guidelines to efficiently raise effectiveness throughout the group through the use of shared systems. We established a cyberattack response system, regularly collect information on product vulnerabilities and threats including security incidents, and promptly implement countermeasures and preventive measures. In addition, based on recent trends relating to cyberattacks, we have introduced continuous monitoring of communications and terminal behavior as well as automatic isolation as measures to minimize damage in the event of an attack. However, the possibility of leaks of confidential information or personal information due to unforeseeable unauthorized access from outside or infection by a computer virus and shutdown of information systems due to failure of equipment or communications cannot be entirely eliminated. If such incidents were to occur, there could be adverse impacts on the group's operating results and financial condition.

The group is involved in a diverse range of businesses in Japan and overseas and is subject to extensive laws and regulations imposed in various business domains. These restrictions include the Companies Act, tax laws, the Antimonopoly Act, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, laws relating to corruption, laws relating to trade security, laws relating to sanctions, and other laws and regulations in Japan, as well as various types of laws and regulations in each of the countries where the group conducts business. Toyota Tsusho's fundamental policy on compliance is for the execution of business by officers and employees to follow these laws, regulations, and corporate ethics. The Compliance & Crisis Management Department, a specialized compliance organization, functions as a hub for strengthening the compliance systems of the entire group through a global network, and with the cooperation of relevant administrative departments including the Legal Department, formulates and implements various compliance measures (messages from the company head on compliance, rank-specific compliance training, creation of a global whistleblower system, etc.) to raise awareness of compliance with laws and regulations.
Regarding logistics-related compliance risks, we established trade management systems in compliance with the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act, customs laws, and other laws and regulations in Japan and the laws and regulations of relevant countries overseas as well as U.S. laws on sanctions and on re-export controls, and we strive to establish appropriate Harmonized System (HS) code determination rules to avoid subsequent surcharges due to HS code errors during import customs clearance in Japan and overseas.
Despite the implementation of these measures, compliance risk in business activities cannot be completely eliminated. Any improper or unlawful conduct by officers or employees may damage the social trust of the group. This may adversely affect the group's operating results and financial condition.

Occupational accidents involving employees or service providers, as well as fires and explosions, could interfere with the Group's business activities. The Group maintains equipment, establishes work standards, and conducts education and daily management to prevent accidents, but if additional countermeasure costs become necessary as a result of the occurrence of a large-scale occupational accident, fire or explosion, or the like, there could be adverse impacts on the Group's operating results and financial condition.

We have determined that environment-related risks including climate change, scarcity of clean-water resources, and biodiversity conservation have a substantial impact on the group's management, and the Safety and Environment Conference and the Sustainability Management Committee deliberate on these risks and report to the Board of Directors as necessary. The risks are incorporated business strategies and activities through the relevant departments and the members of these bodies.
With respect to climate change, we select projects that will have a substantial impact and perform scenario analysis in line with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). In terms of risks, we consider transition risks and physical risks while taking into account resource efficiency, energy sources, products and services, and markets in terms of opportunities.
The group also established targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions generated through the business activities of Toyota Tsusho and its domestic and overseas consolidated subsidiaries by 50% compared to 2019 levels by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
In addition, the Key Sustainability Issues (Materiality) set in 2018 include "contribute to the transition to a carbon-neutral society by reducing CO₂ emissions from automobiles and factories/plants through the use of clean energy and innovative technologies." Climate change, deforestation, global-scale water shortages in conjunction with population growth, deterioration of water quality, flooding, and loss of biodiversity are becoming more serious. We recognize that the sustainable use of water resources and the maintenance of biodiversity pose risks that could have substantial impact on our business activities and are crucial issues. With respect to water risks, we conduct surveys of consolidated subsidiaries using Aqueduct (an assessment tool that has become a global standard relating to water risks provided by the World Resources Institute (WRI)) and are responding to risks including improving water usage efficiency and reducing water usage.
To address biodiversity, we conduct prior investigation and evaluation of impacts on ecosystem services from new investment projects and strive to conserve forests and reduce environmental impact. For existing businesses, we perform risk assessments including water and biodiversity through internal audits of our environmental management systems based on ISO 14001, an international standard for environmental management systems. Even with the implementation of these measures, however,